Gerónimo/Jerónimo/Hieronymus de Sancta Fide (born Joshua Lorki, c. 1375–c. 1419) was a Spanish Jewish physician who converted to Christianity and became a polemicist against his former religion. He served as physician to the Avignon claimant Pope Benedict XIII. In 1412–1413 he presented his arguments at the Disputation of Tortosa before Benedict XIII and a large assembly of Jewish scholars, resulting, according to a colophon in the printed edition, in the conversion of over five thousand Jews. His Contra Judaeos consists of two books: the first proving that Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah using the Jews‘ own Talmudic authorities, and the second exposing errors and blasphemies in the Talmud. The work was first compiled in 1412 in Spain and printed at Zürich in 1503.
I. Deicide and the Rejection of the Messiah
On the guilt of the Jewish people for the death of Christ:
“Venit enim Messias Iesus Nazarenus… sed odio, & invidia, & superbia, & avaritia excecati magis dilexerunt tenebras quam lucem… Et regem Messiam atque servatorem suum negaverunt coram Pontio Pilato, & tradiderunt in manus gentium, et in sese crudelissimum omnium mortalium latrones suimet, sententiam damnatoriam receperunt. Exclamantes una voce: Sanguis eius super nos, super filios nostros.”
“For the Messiah Jesus of Nazareth came… but blinded by hatred and envy and pride and greed, they loved darkness more than the light… And they denied their King, the Messiah and their Saviour, before Pontius Pilate, and delivered Him into the hands of the Gentiles, and upon themselves, the cruelest robbers of all mortals, they received the sentence of condemnation, crying out with one voice: His blood be upon us and upon our children.“
On Christ praying for those who crucified Him, and the Jews‘ blasphemy:
“Idem Iesum pontificem in ara crucis litantem pro salute totius mundi, & pro ipsis praecipue supplicantem: Pater ignoscite illis, quia nesciunt quid faciant, blasphemis vocibus fiserunt.”
“Moreover they mocked with blasphemous words Jesus, the High Priest, offering Himself on the altar of the Cross for the salvation of the whole world, and interceding most particularly for them: Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.“
On the forty years of grace offered after the Crucifixion, and the killing of the Apostles:
“Postea etiam revocantem ad poenitentiam per apostolos annis quadraginta, intra quod tempus Evangelium ac regnum Dei per totum orbem apud omnes nationes divulgatum est, Iudaei adeo non audierunt, nec agnoscere voluerunt tempus visitationis suae. Ut Iacobum utrumque, & alios Christi Iesu praecones optimos crudeliter necarent. ideoque iustissimo Dei iudicio regnum Dei translatum est ad gentes, & domus Synagogae relicta est deserta.”
“Afterward also for forty years He called them to repentance through the Apostles, within which time the Gospel and kingdom of God was spread throughout the whole world among all nations; yet the Jews did not hear, nor were they willing to acknowledge the time of their visitation. So that they cruelly murdered both Jameses and other excellent heralds of Christ Jesus. And therefore by the most just judgment of God, the kingdom of God was transferred to the Gentiles, and the house of the Synagogue was left desolate.”
On the Holy Scripture becoming a snare to the Jews after they rejected Christ:
“Ac unde piae mentes alimentum tale percipiunt, inde infelices Iudei Christo abnegato & amisso stultitiam & perfidia exitium suum hauriunt. Quod eorum furiosa scripta nimium testatur. Ut liber Nitzzon scriptus in Christum ecclesiamque non ab hominibus sed ipsediam diabolis. Ac doctrina legis istud solumen. Quod Talmuth vocant, vel potius speculum, thesaurus sapientiae Iudaici & fortalitiumpropugnaculumque fidei, quid aliud est quam sentina errorum & stultitiae & impietatis?”
“And the very source from which pious minds draw such nourishment, from it the wretched Jews, having denied and lost Christ, drink in folly and the ruin of their perfidy. Their frenzied writings bear all too much witness to this. Such is the book Nizzahon, written against Christ and the Church not by men but by very devils. And that guide to the law which they call the Talmud — or rather a mirror, the treasury of Jewish wisdom and the stronghold and bulwark of their faith — what else is it but a cesspit of errors and folly and impiety?”
II. Theological Enmity and Supersessionism
On the cause of the rift between Christians and Jews:
“Hac est causa dissidii Christianorum & Iudeorum, quod hi ex ipsis natum hominem, qui Deus est aeternus, respuerunt. Nos Christiani quondam gentiles alienis testamentis dei, recepimus eundem.”
“This is the cause of the rift between Christians and Jews: that the Jews rejected a man born of themselves who is the eternal God, while we Christians, once Gentiles and strangers to the covenants of God, received Him.”
On the Jews being unworthy even to penetrate the Hebrew language, having rejected Christ:
“ideo digni haud quaquam sunt, qui corticem Hebraicae linguae penetrare possint, qui nucleum Deitatis coelestis Iesum Christum aspernatisunt.”
“Therefore they are in no way worthy to penetrate even the surface of the Hebrew tongue, who have despised the kernel of heavenly Divinity, Jesus Christ.”
On the Jewish people being driven out of the Holy Land and replaced by evil spirits:
“et potius malispiritus iam domicilium suum maxime teneant, in populo Dei quondam peculiari. Quorum sunt patriarchae & prophetae, quorum fuere testamenta & promissiones: ex quibus denique Christus servator omnium natus est.”
“…and that the evil spirits now above all hold their dwelling, in what was once the peculiar people of God, whose are the patriarchs and prophets, whose were the covenants and promises, and from whom at last Christ the Saviour of all was born.”
On the Jews‘ legal observances being worthless now that Christ has fulfilled the Law:
“Adhuc circumcisio & adhuc sacrificia, adhuc lustrationes & iustificationes carnales requiruntur, quando Christus legis perfectio et impletio apud dementatum populum Iudaeorum locum habet? Immo parum fuit oneris quod lex Mosaica imposuit, ut delassatos in viis dominico gereret opitulatorem Iesum brachiis ambobus amplecti. Quin pondere gravi, quod nec patres, nec apostoli patriarcharum filii portare potuerunt, adiecere immensa plaustra observationum & traditionum minutiarum videlicet Iudaici, qui uno dimo non attinguntur.”
“Do circumcision still, and sacrifices still, and washings still, and carnal justifications still need to be observed, when Christ — the perfection and fulfilment of the Law — finds no place among the demented people of the Jews? Indeed it was little enough burden that the Mosaic law imposed, so that those wearied on the Lord’s ways should embrace with both arms Jesus the helper who came to bear them. Yet they have added to it a crushing weight that neither the Fathers nor the Apostles, the sons of the Patriarchs, were able to bear — vast wagonloads of minute observances and traditions, namely of the Jews, which cannot be attained in a single lifetime.”
On the 24 conditions of the Messiah all being fulfilled in Jesus alone:
“homo ille in quo universae prophetarum actus & conditiones tangentes Messiam concordant, ille verus est Messias. Sed in domino salvatore nostro Iesu Christo omnes sine fallo concordant & concurrunt. Ergo dominus IESUS CHRISTUS & salvator noster verus est Messias.”
“The man in whom all the acts and conditions of the Prophets touching the Messiah agree, he is the true Messiah. But in our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ all without exception agree and converge. Therefore our Lord Jesus Christ is the true Messiah.”
On Condition XIII — the Jews‘ captivity being punishment for their ingratitude toward the Messiah:
“Iudaeorum captivitas propter incognitionem quam contra ipsum habuere facta est, quae dicitur odium gratis. Et quod ab inde ultra deus clausit coelum, ne aliquam orationem exaudiat Iudaeorum, portas tamen conversionis verae poenitentibus, & baptizari volentibus reseravit, & apertae sunt.”
“The captivity of the Jews was brought about by the ingratitude which they showed toward Him, which is called ’causeless hatred.’ And from that time God shut heaven, so that He should not hear any prayer of the Jews; yet the gates of conversion He has kept open and unlocked for all those who truly repent and are willing to be baptized.”
On the Talmudic authorities themselves testifying that the Jews‘ captivity is due to causeless hatred among themselves:
“Refertur in Talmuth, & quod idem ipsi doctores temporis illius legis periti, dicunt. Quomodo scribi potuit quod in templo secundo in quo nulla fuit idolatria, nec alia ignominiosa peccata, ubi erat quam multi religiosi viri, probi, homines sapientes & iusti, tam gravissimae punitionis causa facti sint, ubi nullud aliud scelus erat, nisi invidia & odium gratis.”
“It is recorded in the Talmud, and said by the very doctors of that time learned in the law: ‘How could it be written that in the second Temple, in which there was no idolatry nor other infamous sins, where there were very many religious, upright, wise and just men, there should be a cause for so gravest a punishment, where there was no other wickedness except envy and causeless hatred?'”
III. The Gates of Heaven Closed Against Jewish Prayer
From the Talmud itself, cited by Hieronymus, on the closing of the gates of prayer after the destruction of the Temple:
“Dixit Rabbi Eliazar: a die quo destructum est templum, orationis portae clausae sunt, sicut scriptum est in Lamentatione Ieremiae, cap. 3. Sed cum clamavero & rogavero, exclusit orationem meam. Item dicit ipse: a die quo fuit destructa Hierusalem, quaedam tabula ferrea interposita est inter Hierusalem et patrem eorum coelestem.”
“Rabbi Elazar said: ‘From the day the Temple was destroyed, the gates of prayer were shut, as it is written in the Lamentations of Jeremiah, ch. 3: And when I cried and prayed, He shut out my prayer. He himself also says: From the day Jerusalem was destroyed, a certain iron plate was placed between Jerusalem and their heavenly Father.'”
IV. Against the Talmud
On the origin, nature and purpose of the Talmud:
“TALMUTH Iudaeorum. Quod sonat apud eos doctrina componitur circa haec tempora anno quadringentesimo, a duobus summis Rabbis, scilicet Rabbina & Rabhasse, liber iste grandis, maior decem Bibliis. In eo sunt inextricabilia mendacia, turpia, fatua, abominabilia, contra legem Dei, contra legem naturae, & contra legem scriptam.”
“The Talmud of the Jews — which in their tongue means ‘doctrine’ — was composed around this period, in the four-hundredth year, by two supreme Rabbis, namely Rabbina and Rabaše. This book is huge, larger than ten Bibles. In it are inextricable lies, filthiness, foolishness, abominations, against the law of God, against the law of nature, and against the written law.”
On why the Talmud was composed — to resist the spread of Christianity:
“videntes namque Iudaei legem suam quotidie deficere, & fidem Christianam proficere in toto orbe, etiam cum gloria temporali, hos duos deceptores instigarunt eatenus, ut hunc librum componerent, & tanquam Moysi scriptis firmam atque solidam adhiberent fidem, prohiberentque sub poena mortis ne quis aliquid negaret de his quae in eo continentur. Facta est ita ad suam infelicem excaecationem, et suorum perpetuam depravationem. Ne autem simplices habeant occasionem recedendi a tanta falsitate, iniunxerunt eis, ut interrogati de difficulibus respondeant: Nos haec non intelligimus, sed Rabbini nostri poterunt respondere nobis. Sic traditi sunt in reprobum sensum, ut plus his nugis credant quam Moysi, aut Christo.”
“For the Jews, seeing their law daily failing and the Christian faith advancing throughout the whole world, even with temporal glory, incited these two deceivers to compose this book, and to give it as firm and solid a faith as the writings of Moses, forbidding under pain of death that anyone deny any of its contents. Thus it was made — to their wretched blindness and the perpetual depravation of their posterity. And lest the simple-minded have occasion to depart from so great a falsehood, they enjoined them, when asked about difficult matters, to answer: ‘We do not understand these things, but our Rabbis will be able to answer us.’ Thus they were handed over to a reprobate mind, so that they believe these trifles more than Moses or Christ.”
On the Talmud‘s completion being prompted by the triumph of the Catholic Church:
“postea viderunt magnam prosperitatem, quam sancta fides Catholica consecuta erat, & imperium Romanum erat caput mundi tempore Constantini imperatoris Christiani, & aliae plures Insulae & mundi regna, & quam multae notabiles personae ipsorum Iudaeorum ad fidem Catholicam quotidie convertebantur. Timentes ne totaliter eorum studium periret, ipsorum Rabinorum & peritorum suae legis perfidia magistrorum, caetum in Babylone congregarunt, & totum Talmuth per manum duorum magistrorum ex illis, quorum nomina erant Rabina & Rabaffe ordinaverunt.”
“Afterward they saw the great prosperity which the holy Catholic Faith had acquired, and that the Roman Empire was the head of the world in the time of the Christian Emperor Constantine, and many other islands and kingdoms of the world, and that very many notable persons of the Jews themselves were daily converting to the Catholic Faith. Fearing lest their study perish altogether, the perfidious masters of their law, the Rabbis and their scholars, assembled a council in Babylon, and ordered all the Talmud through the hand of two masters from among them, whose names were Rabbina and Rabaše.”
On the Talmud containing matters against Christ and the Catholic Faith, which it is prohibited to name:
“ipsi proditores, inimici veritatis, ut vias rectitudinis obscacarent, Iudaeis que repellant, per easdem tot iniquitates & abominationes adversus sanctam fidem Catholicam texuerunt & contra salvatorem nostrum IESUM CHRISTUM, ne dum viliter, irreverenter, quod omnia sunt nefandissima & prohibita quasi, in ore fidelium nominari, sed potissime absurdum inscriptum exarare.”
“These traitors, enemies of truth, in order to blind the ways of righteousness and repel the Jews from it, wove so many iniquities and abominations against the holy Catholic Faith and against our Saviour Jesus Christ — things not only base and irreverent, such that all of it is most unspeakable and as it were forbidden to be named in the mouth of the faithful, but above all monstrous to set down in writing.”
On the Talmud commanding that the Gospels be burned:
“declarant in Talmuth, quod sancta Dei & domini nostri IESU CHRISTI quattuor Evangelia sunt comburenda merito, quod habetur in Sabbath. Et dicit ibi Rabbi Ioseph, quod talis executio in die festi fieri debet, excepto quod nomina dei quae sunt in illis, assumi & sequestari, & caeteri libri comburi. Rab. dicebat, quod et ipsi eisdem nominibus comburideberent.”
“They declare in the Talmud that the four holy Gospels of God and our Lord Jesus Christ deserve to be burned, as is found in [the tractate] Sabbath. And Rabbi Joseph says there that such an execution should be performed on a feast day, except that the names of God found in them should be extracted and set aside, while the remaining books are burned. Rab said that they should be burned even together with those [divine] names.”
On the Talmud treating Christian doctrine as worse than idolatry:
“reputant sanctam doctrinam domini nostri IESU CHRISTI, & sanctorum apostolorum suorum idolatria deteriorem, & hoc dicit Rabbi Moyses de Aegypto, in libro Madda, in lectionibus idolatriae: Centum & novem Christiani idolorum cultores sunt, & prima feria est dies interitus ipsorum.”
“They regard the holy doctrine of our Lord Jesus Christ and of His holy Apostles as worse than idolatry, and this Rabbi Moses of Egypt says in the book Madda, in the sections on idolatry: ‘Christians, one hundred and nine of them, are idol-worshippers, and the first weekday is the day of their destruction.'”
V. Talmudic Blasphemies Against Christ, the Virgin, and Christians
On Christ being called a sorcerer in the Talmud:
“Primum quidem eum maleficium dicunt, ut habetur in Sabbath cap. qui adiscat, dicunt enim, quod IESUS Nazarenus duxerat secum de Aegypto philia, & interclusi ea femori suo, cum quibus mirabilia faciebat, & inducebat plebem ad credendum quod ex propria virtute faciebat.”
“First they call Him a sorcerer, as found in [tractate] Sabbath, chapter ‘who shall learn’: for they say that Jesus of Nazareth had brought from Egypt certain magical formulas hidden in his thigh, with which he worked wonders, and led the people to believe he did so by his own power.”
On the punishment of Christ in hell, as the Talmud describes:
“derident omnes doctores ex verbis doctorum Talmuth. In stercore foetido & profundo inferni purgatur. Et dicunt quod quidam doctor cum coniurationibus fecit exire Balaam & Iesum Nazarenum de inferno, & interrogavit Balaam quam poenam patiebatur in inferno, qui respondit, quod puniebatur in caldaria plena spermatis. Et interrogavit Iesum, quam poenam patiebatur, qui respondit quod coquebatur in caldaria plena stercori ferventis.”
“All the doctors mock in the words of the Talmudic teachers: ‘He is purged in the foul and deep excrement of hell.’ And they say that a certain doctor by incantations made Balaam and Jesus of Nazareth come out of hell, and asked Balaam what punishment he suffered in hell, who answered that he was punished in a caldron full of semen. And he asked Jesus what punishment he suffered, who answered that he was boiled in a caldron full of boiling excrement.”
On the names given to the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, the Eucharist, the Church, and Christ Himself:
“de genitrice Salvatoris mundi. Primo illam pollutam appellant mundi, alii publicam meretricem, Apostolos & Christi martyres lenones, sanctas vero meretrices, sacratam hostiam corpus pollutum, crucem, Christi abominationem. Ecclesiam vero errorem, & praedicationem dicunt lutationem, dominum nostrum IESUM CHRISTUM dicunt spurium, sacerdotes dei tonsos, & tonsuram sacerdotalem decalvationem, diem veneris sanctam diem prophanam, diem festum ruinam, & partuulos Christianorum reptilia, sponsum & sponsam murilegum & murilegam, & orationem defectum.”
“Concerning the mother of the Saviour of the world: first they call her a polluted woman of the world, others a common harlot; the Apostles and martyrs of Christ, panders; the holy women, prostitutes; the consecrated Host, a polluted body; the Cross of Christ, an abomination; the Church, an error; and preaching they call mud. Our Lord Jesus Christ they call a bastard; priests of God, the shorn ones; the priestly tonsure, a baldness; Holy Friday, a profane day; feast day, a ruin; Christian infants, reptiles; bridegroom and bride, male-cat and female-cat; and prayer, a defect.”
On the Jews‘ daily threefold prayer against Christians and converts:
“Et in qualibet die tribus vicibus in orationibus eorum, mane scilicet vesperi, & nocte, talia verba replicant: Destructis nulla sit spes, & omnes haeretici, omnes qui loquuntur contra Israel, subito abscindantur, & regnum superbiae cito frangatur & diruatur, inimici nostri universi humiliantur, & breviter in diebus nostris conturbentur.”
“And each day three times in their prayers — in the morning, at evening, and at night — they repeat such words: ‘May there be no hope for apostates, and may all heretics, all who speak against Israel, be instantly cut off; may the kingdom of arrogance be quickly broken and overthrown; may all our enemies be humbled, and may they be swiftly confounded in our days.'”
On the instruction in the Talmud concerning converts from Judaism:
“vocant illos qui ad sanctam matrem ecclesiam & fidem Catholicam convertuntur, destructores. Et in qualibet die tribus vicibus in orationibus eorum… Has multas alias abominationes nequitias contra sanctam fidem Catholicam, & salvatorem nostrum dominum regem Messiam, & dicunt.”
“Those who convert to the holy mother Church and to the Catholic Faith they call ‘destroyers.’ And each day three times in their prayers… these many other abominations and wickednesses against the holy Catholic Faith and our Lord and King the Messiah they speak.”
VI. Against the Interests of Christians
On the Talmud‘s permission to defraud Christians:
“Talmuth mandat expresse Iudaeis, quod omnibus hominibus gentium alienum, damnum inferant iuxta posse, ledere conentur expresse, sed potissime Christianis, quos reputant idolotras, & dissolutos. Et primo illorum bona prophanant, & dicunt licere Iudaeo sine peccato subripere illa, et est iam vulgare verbum apud Iudaeos, dicens, quod error computique fecerit Iudaeus in decipiendo Christianum licitum est eis.”
“The Talmud expressly commands the Jews that they should bring harm to all men of foreign peoples as much as possible, and expressly strive to injure them — but above all Christians, whom they regard as idolaters and dissolute. And first they profane their goods, and say it is permitted to a Jew without sin to steal them; and it is already a common saying among Jews that whatever error or overcharge a Jew may commit in deceiving a Christian is lawful for them.”
On the instruction to let Christians perish rather than save them:
“si viderit aliquem idolorum cultorem volentem suffocari in fluvio, aut comburi, non eripiat illum, veruntamen non proijciat eum manibus in puteum, ex quo gens eorum non facit brigam nobiscum, sed omnia haec de caeteris idolorum cultoribus intelliguntur. Sed illi qui destruunt & perditurunt Israel, sunt haeretici, blasphemi, meritum est, perdere illos, impellere illos cum matribus usque ad putei profundum, auguunt enim Israel. Prohibent populum a via dei, ut sunt IESUS Nazareni, discipuli eius quorum nomina confunduntur.”
“If one sees an idol-worshipper wanting to drown in a river, or to be burned, one must not rescue him — though one must not push him in with one’s hands either, since their people are not at war with us; but all this applies to other idolaters. But those who destroy and ruin Israel — heretics and blasphemers — it is a meritorious deed to destroy them, to push them with their mothers to the very bottom of the pit, for they oppress Israel. They keep the people from the way of God, such as Jesus of Nazareth and his disciples, whose names are accursed.”
On the Talmud forbidding Jews to heal or sell property to Christians:
“Item iubent in Abodazara capitulo non constituant, & recitatur per Rabbi Moysen de Aegypto in libro Madda. Quod illi qui sequuntur doctrinam IESU Nazareni, taliter sunt tractandi, quod si quis viderit eos appropinquantes ad mortem, extinguat illos. Et si reperiet eos iuxta puteum, proijciat intus, & revoluat lapidem supra puteum ne egrediantur.”
“They also command, in [tractate] Abodazara, chapter ‘let them not set up,’ as recited by Rabbi Moses of Egypt in the book Madda: that those who follow the doctrine of Jesus of Nazareth are to be treated thus: if one sees them approaching death, one must extinguish them; and if one finds them by a well, one must cast them in, and roll a stone over the well so they cannot come out.”
On the prohibition against praising Christians:
“prohibitum est laudare eos, ut si quis dicat, O quam pulcher est iste Christianus. Sed multo magis est prohibitum illius opera laudare. Item prohibitum est illis dare munera quaecunque.”
“It is forbidden to praise them, so that if anyone says ‘O how handsome is this Christian’ — that is forbidden. But it is much more forbidden to praise his works. Likewise it is forbidden to give them gifts of any kind.”
VII. On Jewish Usury and Moral Character
On the corruption that prevents Jews from converting, including usury:
“Item, amor pecuniarum, quas cum usura & aliis Iudaicis fraudibus acquirunt. Usurarum namque lucrum fit sine labore corporeo, de quo habetur in Talmuth, quod quaedam mulier viderat quendam Rabinum Iudaeorum grossum & pulchrum, & dixitei: Similis est facies tua homini habenti gregem porcorum, aut argentum suum ad usuram praebenti.”
“Likewise the love of money, which they acquire with usury and other Jewish frauds. For the profit of usury is made without bodily labour, concerning which there is in the Talmud that a certain woman had seen a certain Rabbi of the Jews who was fat and handsome, and said to him: ‘Your face resembles a man who keeps a herd of pigs, or one who lends his silver at usury.'”
VIII. Supersessionism: The New People of God
On the Gentiles becoming the new Israel:
“Nostra fides Catholica tenet, de homine illo qui natus fuit in Bethlehem in civitate Iuda, tempore regis Herodis, et XXXIII. annis post eius nativitatem, & XL. annis ante finem templi secundi, fuit crucifixus, mortuus & sepultus, descendit ad inferos, tertia die resurrexit a mortuis, ascendit ad coelum, foret atque fuisse verum Messiam, in lege, atque per prophetas ei a deo promissum.”
“Our holy Catholic Faith holds: that the man who was born in Bethlehem in the city of Judah, in the time of King Herod, and thirty-three years after his birth, and forty years before the end of the second Temple, was crucified, died and was buried, descended into hell, rose from the dead on the third day, and ascended into heaven — that this man is and was the true Messiah, promised by God in the Law and through the prophets.”
On salvation being transferred to the Gentiles through Christ:
“Et quia nec per sacram scripturam, nec alias, quoquo modo reperiri potest aliquem fuisse in mundo, habentem omnium illorum titulorum conditionem, ornatum, & decorem, nisi Christum. Necesse fuit adversus illos coram praemissa praesentia apostolica fuisse conclusum, eundem scilicet dominum nostrum Iesum Christum fore Messiam, ac verum humani generis Salvatorem, in lege dei, & per omnes prophetas promissum & annunciatum.”
“And because neither through Sacred Scripture nor in any other way whatsoever can it be found that anyone existed in the world possessing the full complement, ornament and dignity of all those titles save Christ alone — it was necessary that before the aforesaid apostolic presence it should be concluded against them: that our Lord Jesus Christ is indeed the Messiah, and the true Saviour of the human race, promised and foretold in the law of God and through all the prophets.”
Sources
- Hieronymus de Sancta Fide, Contra Iudaeos, Hieronymi de Sancta Fide, Iudaei, Ad Christianismum conversi. Libri duo. Zürich: Andreas Vögelin & Rudolf Wyssenbach, 1503. Archive.org, Vol. 1
- Hieronymus de Sancta Fide, Contra Iudaeos [Vol. 2]. Archive.org, Vol. 2